When braking a freight train using brake pads, kinetic energy is converted by friction into thermal energy, part of which goes into the brake pads, the other part goes into the wheels, and from the wheels the heat goes into the rails and the environment. The purpose of the work is to determine the proportion of heat in the wheels of freight cars under different braking modes and different train speeds, as well as different loading of cars. In the work, the wheelset braking process was simulated using the finite element method in the SolidWorks environment. The calculations made it possible to establish the proportion of heat flows directed into the brake pad and into the rail under different braking modes of the freight train. The influence of ambient temperature and car loading on these fractions has been established. The results obtained make it possible to more accurately predict the temperature of the rolling surface and the side surface of the wheel rim, which will allow diagnosing the braking system of a freight train in motion.

The paper considers an algorithm for automatic calibration of sensors of a vision system, which is used for all types of sensors with different physical principles. The vision system in this case acts as an element of the automatic train traffic control system and serves to detect obstacles in the way of the train. Separately, diagrams and descriptions of calibration are given for cameras in the visible range and thermal imagers with different focal lengths. For lidars, a description and a scheme for calculating external parameters are given, taking into account the transformation of a 3D point cloud into 2D pseudo-images to search for markers by distance, coordinate, and reflectivity with simultaneous filtering of pseudo-images by depth and reflectivity. The use of automatic calibration of vision system sensors during train preparation at the depot and when traveling at calibration stations will improve the accuracy of the measured train parameters, reduce response time to emergency situations, optimize energy costs, reduce payroll costs and reduce the impact of the human factor on train operation, and consequently improve traffic safety.

Along with the study of the electromagnetic and traction characteristics of linear induction motors, it is important to study the thermal processes in them, which have a significant impact on the performance and reliability of the linear electric machines. This paper presents the results of bench thermal tests of the inductor of a traction linear asynchronous motor with a discrete design of the magnetic circuit and a three-phase winding, designed for highspeed magnetic levitation transport, in a stationary mode of operation. The results of thermal tests for two values of the current load of the inductor winding of a traction linear asynchronous motor are given, the values of the time constants for heating the winding are determined, and the value of the hourly current for the nominal mode of operation of the motor is determined by graphic-analytical means.

This paper is devoted to the study of the occupational risk management system in the electrification and power supply sector. The main dangerous and harmful production factors affecting workers in the energy industry are considered. The analysis of industrial injuries allowed us to conclude that the human factor is to a greater extent the cause of injury to workers of the electrification and power supply facilities and it is necessary to investigate it in order to form sufficient, effective measures aimed at preventing injuries and accidents in the future. The current professional risk management system does not adequately take into account the human factor when assessing risks. The paper presents measures to modernize the system in terms of taking into account the human factor in the assessment of occupational risks, which made it possible to significantly affect the reduction of occupational injuries.

The paper considers the internal force factors that arise in the cross section of the working coil of the body spring when exposed to a vertical dynamic load. It is analyzed their influence on the distribution of the load along the axles of the wheel sets, as well as on the parameters of the elastic transverse connection of the bogie with the body. A rational option for installing body springs is presented and substantiated in terms of balancing internal force factors and ensuring favorable fitting of the locomotive bogie into curved sections of the track. Using the criteria approach when a two-bogie symmetrical locomotive moves in a curved section of the track, the article examines the influence of options for the location of the end coils of body springs on the lateral force acting on the wheelset and being the main factor in the wear of the tire ridges.

The work is devoted to the study of the physical and mechanical properties of clay and sandy soils used in the construction of a new and reconstruction of the existing railway subgrade in the direction of Kotelnikovo – Tikhoretskaya – Krymskaya for the development of ports in the Azov-Black Sea region of Russia and the construction of correlation ratios obtained from the results of correlation and regression analysis of soil properties. Such ratios may be in demand when monitoring the accuracy of laboratory tests of the properties of soil materials and increase the speed of engineering and geological surveys and the selection of a quarry with the further development of the road network in a given region. In addition, regression ratios can increase the speed of decision-making on the use of a specific type of soil for the reconstruction of the subgrade using certain characteristics that can be determined with the least time.

In this paper, the visualization of the processes of performing maneuvers on exhaust paths using the AnyLogic program is considered. Simulation models for performing maneuvers in the AnyLogic program will allow you to visualize the processes of per-forming maneuvers on exhaust tracks and increase the likelihood of their being under-stood by students of railway transport educational institutions and other interested per-sons. The use of simulation modeling in the testing of technical and technological solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of the station will significantly reduce not only financial, but also time costs associated with conducting research on a real object. In the examples given, the creation of simulation models of performing maneuvers on exhaust paths by means of settling and pushing is considered.

The reduced electricity consumption for train traction has been and it is one of the priorities of the Russian Railways. One of the ways to reduce electricity consumption is the rational driving of trains in traction mode which depends on both the locomotive crew and the design of the electric rolling stock. In fact, the faster the train accelerates, the faster it stores kinetic energy, and its optimal use will reduce electricity consumption. At present, for additional acceleration, modern domestic electric locomotives use a system for weakening the excitation of the traction motors. In this paper, a traction calculation is carried out, which makes it possible to compare the consumption of electricity during the acceleration of a train during the operation of an electric locomotive with stepwise and smooth regulation of the weakening of the excitation of traction motors. With the help of traction calculation during the acceleration of the train, the energy efficiency of the excitation attenuation system with smooth control of the excitation of the electric locomotive was proved.

The paper describes the results of the study devoted to assessing the relevance and prospects of using energy storage devices in the traction power supply system of the electrified railways. The authors proposed a scheme for connecting an energy storage device to a contact network and an algorithm for its operation. Based on the results of modeling in a specialized software package, a preliminary assessment of the relevance and prospects for the use of energy storage devices for the traction power supply system of the railway transport is given. In areas where recuperation is possible, the authors assessed the energy potential and the degree of its use with existing equipment at traction substations and the size of traffic. In addition, an analysis of the energy storage market for use in the traction power supply system of railways was carried out.

The conducted studies of train traction power supply parameters make it possible to fill the databases of expert systems and improve their quality in order to select energy-saving modes of operation of electric traction networks. A series of statistical measurements of feeder currents at traction substations supplying hauls, station load and access roads of locomotive depots, as well as open-circuit voltages of adjacent traction substations were carried out. Statistical characteristics of feeder loads supplying end boundary sections, stations, depot access roads, railway junctions, open-circuit voltages and angles  between open-circuit voltages of adjacent traction substations are obtained. Algorithms for filling databases are proposed.

Non-traction consumers include signaling, centralization and blocking devices, power and lighting loads of intermediate stations, office and household buildings, locomotive and wagon depots. The obtained values of the parameters are planned to be used later in the development and theoretical justification of the method for searching for cable damage points under the conditions of galvanic and inductive influence of electrified railway transport. To achieve this goal, experimental studies were carried out in laboratory conditions using the twoelectrode method, when using which there is no need to take into account the parameters of an additional electrode. Formulas are derived to determine the resistance and capacitance of the metal-electrolyte interface. As a result of the experiment, the dependences of the transient parameters at the point of damage to the copper core of the VVG cable were obtained. The obtained values of transient parameters at the point of damage to underground cables of power supply of railway transport will be used in the development and scientific substantiation of a method for finding cable damage points under the conditions of galvanic and inductive influence of the electrified railway transport.

The operation of power transformers is accompanied by vibration and noise of structural elements of a power transformer. In this paper, a method for calculating the vibration and noise of the auxiliary equipment of the cooling system for a power transformer was tested. An asynchronous motor with a squirrel-cage rotor 4A100S4U3 was considered as the main source of noise in the cooling system for the power transformer. Various options for studying the vibration and noise of an asynchronous motor when powered by an industrial frequency source and a voltage converter have been carried out. It is determined the amplitudes of spacetime wave of magnetic induction corresponding to the modes of spatial oscillations of the stator and rotor. In the research process, the amplitudes of oscillation (vibration) of the stator and rotor corresponding to the modes of spatial oscillations were also calculated. Recommendations are given to reduce vibration and noise of the cooling system of power transformers.

The actual load characteristics of the traction electric motors of a locomotive with electric power transmission according to microprocessor control systems are necessary to clarify the real traction characteristics of locomotives when performing operational traction calculations. The methods of the theory of electrical machines, statistical processing and regression analysis of experimental data were used in the work. Based on the statistical analysis of the registration data of the on-board diagnostics subsystem of 20 sections of diesel locomotives 2TE116U and TEP70BS, a method for determining the actual load characteristics of traction motors is proposed and justified. The results obtained allow us to refine the parameters of the traction characteristics of the locomotive and can be used when performing operational traction calculations.

The paper considers issues related to the study of the energy intensity of the drying processes of compressed air using various grades brand zeolites, analyzes the thermophysical properties of the adsorbents under consideration, determines the conditions for the adsorption processes in the form of setting ranges of changes in the speeds of compressed air through the adsorber, the range of changes in the relative humidity of atmospheric air using certain class of compressed air purity in accordance with the normative a document. Based on the obtained results, visualized in the form of histograms, an analysis of the energy efficiency of the brand zeolites under consideration is carried out. The conclusions are formulated.

The authors propose for consideration a new approach to the analysis of the formation of the quality level of some composite and other materials when modified with nanocomponents. Not only the issues of modification of the properties of heterogeneous mixtures and composites are investigated, but also technological methods and features of the production of the modifying components themselves are considered. As machines and units for the production of nano-modifying components using graphene derivatives as an example, protected technical solutions are presented in the form of a rotary module for graphite hydro exfoliation and a drum mill. As composite materials and products with new or improved properties, premixes with increased efficiency of use, building concretes with increased strength characteristics, metal-cutting tools with increased damping properties, as well as synthetic lubricants and oils with ultra-low freezing point are offered. The correspondence of these technologies to the general concept of total quality management is formulated.

The paper considers the main problems of the parts` orientation with implicit asymmetry in traditional mechanical disk hopper loading device where its reliability and load rate are sharply reduced. The proposed design solutions will provide the required values of the specified indicators when gripping and orienting parts of the shape of rotation bodies with implicit asymmetry. It is shown that there are zones of permissible values of the main design parameters of the gripping and orienting bodies of improved mechanical disk hopper loading devices. The developed design constraints make it possible to determine the optimal parameters of the main working bodies of bunker loading devices for a wide range of parts with implicit asymmetry.

Nowadays, one of the most important values in the development of mechanical engineering is the automation of production processes. The main components of the production process are considered to be both automated technological processes of mechanical processing and assembly, with the help of which the necessary productivity and quality of the resulting products are achieved. The use of automated systems consisting of universal machines, CNC machines, machining centers is typical for both serial and small-scale production. For the development of operations on CNC machines and the technological process, certain approaches are necessary because of their features: when using an automatic closed cycle, the value of machine time increases; the influence of the process during operation; the number of operations increases; the use of various tools; the presence of automatic loading, processing, unloading, control, transportation; correction of control programs; fast changeover; execution of various technological operations on one machine; application of basic cycles; integration of automated process control systems into the structure of the organization; creating general and partial management of the entire process.

Each compressor unit includes two units the compressor and the energy source, namely the engine. Moreover, two types of engines are used such as electric motors for low-power compressors and internal combustion engines for high-power compressors. It should be noted that in almost all sections of compressor stations, sound pressure levels exceed the permissible standard values, especially for high-capacity compressors. Since, under the operating conditions of compressors and engines, it is not possible to reduce noise levels in the source itself. Therefore, a method of vibroacoustic calculation for closed premises has been developed and, in fact, on this basis, noise-vibration protection systems for compressor room operators have been substantiated by the criterion of fulfilling sanitary standards at workplaces. The eigenmodes of oscillations obtained during the calculation are distributed over the width of the corresponding octaves, the middle of which are the geometric mean frequencies of the corresponding octave filters.

The state diagram of the copper metaphosphate – molybdenum trioxide system, in which 2Cu(PO₃)₂∙4MoO₃ compounds are formed, has been studied by the methods of physical and chemical analysis such as thermogravimetric, X-ray and IR-spectroscopic. The use of copper phosphoromolybdate additive to improve the physicochemical properties of greases used in friction units of railway equipment was studied. Tribotechnical tests of the created lubricants with a multifunctional additive 2Cu(PO₃)₂∙4MoO₃ were carried out. The mechanism of the lubricating action of antiwear, extreme pressure, anticorrosion additives of copper phosphoromolybdate in model bases, which used LZ-TsNII greases, used in roller bearings of railway cars and TsIATIM-201, intended for friction units of automobile and aviation equipment, is considered.

In this paper, a prospective power automatic transmission developed by RSTU scientists was considered. The design of this automatic transmission uses an original, unparalleled gear clutch, which is used as a friction reinforcement link. Due to the use of a gear-clutch, it was possible to increase the efficiency of the automatic transmission in view of the fact that there are practically no interruptions in the flow of transmitted power, thanks to which the gear shift speed has increased. Also, a transmission control algorithm was developed. Its operational principle is based on the movement of an electromagnet moving parallel to the reed switches, which are activators for closing the keys. The electromagnet is rigidly fixed to the solenoid, which moves up and down in accordance with the increase or decrease in voltage, which changes up or down due to the speed of rotation of the motor output shaft. The design of the transmission control circuit is simple in execution and has high reliability.

The issue of optimizing the design parameters of infrastructure facilities is considered. Possible signs are analyzed, according to which it is possible to group individual sections and directions of railways into clusters, the most priority of them in relation to the design issue are identified. Based on the tasks that clusters within polygons should solve, as well as a number of principles formulated for the selection of clusters from railway polygons, a new approach is proposed that will allow synchronizing the design process with the transportation process. Clustering will improve the efficiency of financial investments in the development of railway infrastructure and create prerequisites for automating the process of forming a set of technical and technological parameters of facilities.

The analysis of the turnover of the car in the conditions of the car fleet state management and the market economy is carried out. It is established that in the conditions of the Soviet economy, the turnover of the car actually characterized the effectiveness of its use to a greater extent, and its implementation was constantly monitored. In market conditions, when the entire car fleet is owned by many rolling stock operators, optimizing the turnover of the car does not affect the profitability of operators from cargo transportation, and, accordingly, in fact, the attention should not be paid to its acceleration. This leads to the conclusion that in the conditions of a large number of owners of rolling stock, the turnover of a wagon has ceased to be the main indicator of the quality of the operational work of railways. As a result, there is an increase in the oncoming empty run, an increase in the turnover of a car and a locomotive, which leads to additional costs for the Russian Railways, causes the need to increase train locomotives and crews, strengthen infrastructure due to the delay of a large number of trains, etc. Measures are proposed to accelerate the turnover wagon and increase the efficiency of the operational work of transport.

This paper provides a justification for the need to develop a number of models used in the formation of programs for mediumand long-term development of the park of measuring instruments of JSC “Russian Railways”. Models for managing the stages of the life cycle of measuring instruments of the Russian Railways are presented, including models for creating a scientific and technical reserve, development and production of measuring instruments based on the use of a discrete semi-Markov model and a logistic model. The results of mathematical modelling are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed mathematical models are considered. The conclusion is made about the future prospects of using the considered semi-Markov models in the creation of complex technical systems and other high-tech products.

The project to unify the Korean Railways is essential to the competitiveness of international logistics. The Busan hub will be a key facility on the Trans-Korean Railway, which will need to be developed in the future to absorb the increasing volume of freight traffic. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of measures for the staged development of the Busan transport hub. The tasks include a mathematical description of a staged transition between organizational, technological, technical and infrastructural measures. The subject of the study is the railway, port and motor transport subsystems of the Busan transport hub. The work was done using mathematical research methods. The paper proposes the creation of a transport hub control center, which carries out an operational exchange of information with the Busan Port Authority, KORAIL, terminals and regulatory authorities. The organization of the Transport Hub Control Center will increase the efficiency of multimodal transportation by eliminating duplication of tasks in the management and transfer of information between the subjects of the transport and logistics process. At the end of the article, the fourth stage of the development of the transport hub is considered in the form of the creation of a new transport hub or "dry port", and the economic effect for the participants in the logistics process and the transport system of the Republic of Korea is also described.

The aim is to simulate the movement of trains along a real section of the railway, as part of the implementation of the laboratory complex “Virtual Railway” due to the implementation of the normative train schedule. The architecture of the subsystem and algorithms that implement a simulation model of automatic train movement with the possibility of fulfilling the standard schedule using speed limits and automatic locomotive signaling signals (ALSN) are considered. The structure of interaction of this subsystem with the educational and laboratory complex “Virtual Railway” (VR) is presented. The algorithms of the software simulation model of train movement are described. Variants of algorithm operation for different values of ALSN codes are considered. Attention is paid to the description of software technologies used in the development of the final software. The description of the software operation and the results of its implementation at the VR complex are given.

The paper considers a new technology for intelligent monitoring of the railway transportation processes using the dynamic method of principal components. It includes a recursive principal feature calculation algorithm and three statistical criteria used in the decision engine. The application of the proposed scheme demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of recursive algorithms for adaptive monitoring of complex poorly formalized processes in online mode.

Whereas the most technological processes undergo slow, evolving changes, such as aging of floor equipment, sensor drifts, periodic maintenance and modernization of technical equipment, it is expected that the adaptive monitoring scheme proposed in the article will be widely used in railway transport.