Cost analysis of regenerative energy of urban electric transport

The study examines the cost aspects of the processes of energy recovery in electric transport and its reuse for useful transportation work. The purchase cost of recovered energy is zero. Regenerative braking does not cause additional wear on the elements of the car traction systems. Due to this, recuperative energy directed for useful reuse has zero cost. With the use of on-board or stationary storage devices, the excess part of the recovery energy can be redirected to repeated useful work. Since the efficiency of any storage devices does not exceed 64–68 %, the losses from the total energy of recovery in on-board storage devices exceed a third of its volume. In addition, energy is additionally consumed from the network for its own needs and transportation of on-board storage devices. Stationary storage devices are not transported, completely preserve the useful network flows of recuperation, ensure direct consumption of it by the network load during charging and release the stored part of it to the network after storage. Compared to the absence of storage devices of any type, on-board devices lead to an increase in the billable energy consumption of the GET, while stationary devices significantly reduce it.