System analysis of the railway infrastructure subsystem as a step towards a digital twin (stationary system) of a railway track

The railway track is analyzed as a complex technical system, the management of which is based on regulatory approaches that limit the predictive control of critical sections. A set of system analysis methods has been applied: structural decomposition, functional and structural analysis, classification and multi-criteria analysis. The hierarchical interrelation-ships of the elements of the upper and lower structures have been revealed, and the cascading nature of degradation has been established, where the malfunction of the underlying element acts as the primary factor in the destruction of the overlying ones. The division of components into critical (providing instant safety) and fundamental (determining long-term stability) is justified. A multilevel life cycle model is proposed, which establishes a discrete scale of states correlating with the probability of failure. The concept of a hybrid digital twin integrating stationary sensor networks and data from mobile diagnostic complexes has been developed.

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