vrgupВестник Ростовского государственного университета путей сообщенияVestnik Rostovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Putej Soobshcheniya0201-727XРостовский государственный университет путей сообщения10.46973/0201-727X_2026_1_8vrgup-34Research ArticleЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫЙ ПУТЬ И ТРАНСПОРТНОЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВОRAIL TRACK AND TRANSPORT CONSTRUCTIONСовременные методы гидрофобизации материалов: химические и микробиологические решения для железнодорожной инфраструктуры / Т. Р. Кадыров, Т. В. Нужная, Ю. А. Полагутина, Э. Х. ХалитоваModern methods of material hydrophobization: chemical and microbiological solutions for railway infrastructureКадыровТ. Р.KadyrovT. R.

Кадыров Тимур Радикович, кафедра «Железнодорожный путь и строительство», старший преподаватель

Kadyrov Timur Radikovich, Chair “Railway Track and Construction”, Senior Lecturer

t.kadyrov@samgups.ruНужнаяТ. В.NuzhnayaT. V.

Нужная Татьяна Владимировна, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник

 Уфа

Nuzhnaya Tatyana Vladimirovna, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher

 Ufa

tanyawww89@mail.ruПолагутинаЮ. А.PolagutinaYu. A.

Полагутина Юлия Анатольевна, кафедра «Железнодорожный путь и строительство», студент 5-го курса

Polagutina Yulia Anatolievna, Chair “Railway Track and Construction”, 5th Year Student

yu.polagutina@samgups.ruХалитоваЭ. Х.KhalitovaE. Kh.

Халитова Эльза Хафизовна, кандидат биологических наук, заведующая научной лабораторией «Биотехнология живых систем»

Khalitova Elza Khafizovna, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of the Scientific Laboratory “Biotechnology of Living Systems”

elza817@mail.ruПриволжский государственный университет путей сообщения (ПривГУПС)Volga State Transport University (PrivSTU)Башкирский государственный педагогический университет им. М. Акмуллы, Уфимский институт биологии Уфимского Федерального исследовательского центра РАНBashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Re-search Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesПриволжский государственный университет путей сообщения (ПривГУПС)Privolzhsky State Transport University (PrivSTU)Башкирский государственный педагогический университет им. М. АкмуллыBashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla20263003202601819Copyright © Кадыров Т.Р., Нужная Т.В., Полагутина Ю.А., Халитова Э.Х., 20262026Кадыров Т.Р., Нужная Т.В., Полагутина Ю.А., Халитова Э.Х.Kadyrov T.R., Nuzhnaya T.V., Polagutina Y.A., Khalitova E.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.rgups.ru/jour/article/view/34

Представлен обзор современных методов гидрофобизации материалов, направленных на повышение долговечности и надёжности элементов железнодорожной инфраструктуры в условиях воздействия влаги и агрессивных факторов окружающей среды. Рассмотрены принципы формирования гидрофобных покрытий, механизмы действия гидрофобных растворов и методы оценки гидрофобности с использованием краевого угла смачивания. Особое внимание уделено микробиологическим подходам к гидрофобизации, основанным на применении микроорганизмов и синтезируемых ими биополимеров. Проанализированы области практического применения гидрофобных материалов при защите металлических конструкций, бетонных и железобетонных элементов, а также материалов верхнего строения пути от коррозии, влагонасыщения и биоповреждений. Отдельно рассмотрены экологические аспекты использования биосурфактантов и перспективы внедрения экологически безопасных гидрофобных покрытий в железнодорожной отрасли.

The article presents a review of modern methods of material hydrophobization aimed at increasing the durability and reliability of railway infrastructure elements under conditions of moisture exposure and aggressive environmental factors. The principles of hydrophobic coating formation, the mechanisms of action of hydrophobic solutions, and methods for assessing hydrophobicity using the contact angle measurement are considered. Particular attention is paid to microbiological approaches to hydrophobization based on the use of microorganisms and the biopolymers synthesized by them. The areas of practical application of hydrophobic materials in protecting metal structures, concrete and reinforced concrete elements, as well as track superstructure materials from corrosion, moisture saturation, and biodeterioration are analyzed. The environmental aspects of using biosurfactants and the prospects for implementing environmentally friendly hydrophobic coatings in the railway industry are also discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.