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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vrgup</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Ростовского государственного университета путей сообщения</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Rostovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Putej Soobshcheniya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0201-727X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ростовский государственный университет путей сообщения</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46973/0201-727X_2026_1_219</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vrgup-222</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМ И ПРОЦЕССОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODELING SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод построения парето-оптимальных логистических схем перемещения вагонов и его применение для нормирования рабочего парка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A method for constructing Pareto-optimal logistic schemes for car movement and its application for standardization of the working fleet</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осьминин</surname><given-names>А. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osminin</surname><given-names>A. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осьминин Александр Трофимович, кафедра «Управление эксплуатационной работой», доктор технических наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Osminin Aleksandr Trofimovich, Chair “Operational Management”, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">at@osminin.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баушев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baushev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баушев Алексей Николаевич, кафедра «Управление эксплуатационной работой», кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Baushev Aleksey Nikolaevich, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor, Research Fellow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осьминин</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osminin</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осьминин Леонид Александрович, кафедра «Управление эксплуатационной работой», кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Osminin Leonid Aleksandrovich, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leonid@osminin.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I (ПГУПС)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Emperor Alexander I Saint Petersburg State Transport University (PSTU)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I (ПГУПС)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Emperor Alexander I Saint Petersburg State Transport University (PSTU), Chair “Operational Management”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>219</fpage><lpage>225</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Осьминин А.Т., Баушев А.Н., Осьминин Л.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Осьминин А.Т., Баушев А.Н., Осьминин Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Osminin A.T., Baushev A.N., Osminin L.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.rgups.ru/jour/article/view/222">https://vestnik.rgups.ru/jour/article/view/222</self-uri><abstract><p>Предложен двухэтапный подход к нормированию рабочего парка грузовых вагонов компаний-операторов в условиях нестационарного перевозочного процесса. На первом этапе для фиксированного интервала планирования формируется множество допустимых парето-оптимальных логистических схем в ориентированном графе перевозок по аддитивным эксплуатационным критериям: времени оборота, порожнему пробегу, переменным эксплуатационным затратам и другим технологическим показателям. Показано, что тарифный или доходный результат схемы имеет неаддитивный характер и потому должен оцениваться после построения полного пути, а не как сумма значений по отдельным дугам. На втором этапе решается задача минимизации требуемого рабочего парка на скользящем горизонте планирования с учетом объемов заявок по периодам и при необходимости межпериодного баланса расположения вагонов. Формула Литтла используется только как локальная агрегированная оценка для отдельной схемы и не рассматривается как прямой расчетный инструмент для неоднородной и нестационарной сети. Приведен иллюстративный пример, демонстрирующий связь этапа генерации схем и этапа нормирования парка.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper proposes a two-stage approach to norming the working fleet of freight cars of operating companies under nonstationary traffic conditions. At the first stage, for a fixed planning interval, the set of feasible Pareto-optimal logistic schemes is generated in a directed transportation graph using additive operational criteria such as turnaround time, empty mileage, variable operating costs and other technological indicators. It is shown that the tariff or revenue effect of the scheme is non-additive and therefore has to be evaluated after constructing the complete route, rather than as the sum of the values for individual arcs. At the second stage, a rolling-horizon optimization model is solved to minimize the required working fleet while satisfying period-by-period transportation demand and, if needed, inter-period wagon-balance constraints. Little's formula is used only as a local aggregate estimate for an individual scheme and not as a direct computational model for a heterogeneous nonstationary rail network. A small illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the logical link between the scheme-generation stage and the fleet standardization stage.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>железнодорожные перевозки</kwd><kwd>рабочий парк вагонов</kwd><kwd>логистическая схема</kwd><kwd>многокритериальная оптимизация</kwd><kwd>парето-оптимальность</kwd><kwd>порожний пробег</kwd><kwd>скользящий горизонт планирования</kwd><kwd>линейное программирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rail freight transportation</kwd><kwd>working railcar fleet</kwd><kwd>logistic scheme</kwd><kwd>multi-criteria optimization</kwd><kwd>Pareto optimality</kwd><kwd>empty mileage</kwd><kwd>rolling horizon planning</kwd><kwd>linear programming</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Little, J. D. C. A Proof for the Queuing Formula L = λW / J. D. C. 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